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Fast Foods Reference

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Content derived from Wikipedia article on Fast Food

 

Fast food is food which is prepared and served quickly at outlets called fast-food restaurants. It is a multi-billion dollar industry which continues to grow rapidly in many countries.

 

Contents

 

1 Overview

2 History

3 The "fast" in fast food

4 Food preparation

5 Business

5.1 Consumer spending

5.2 McDonald's and other major brands

5.3 International chains

6 Nutritional value

7 Changes

8 Consumer appeal

9 Criticisms

10 Notes

11 References

12 See also

 

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Overview

 

A fast-food restaurant is a restaurant characterized both by food which is supplied quickly after ordering, and by minimal service. One trait shared by all fast food establishments is the customer pays for the food prior to consuming it. Often this food is referred to as fast food. In response to increasing backlash against "fast food", the industry has been trying to move the public away from that term over the past ten to fifteen years, shifting to the term quick service restaurant (QSR for short). Despite the industry's efforts, consumers continue to refer to them as "fast-food restaurants" .

 

The food in these restaurants is often cooked in bulk in advance and kept warm, or reheated to order. Many fast-food restaurants are part of restaurant chains or franchise operations, and standardized foodstuffs are shipped to each restaurant from central locations. There are also simpler fast-food outlets, such as stands or kiosks, which may or may not provide shelter or chairs for customers.

 

See also: Vending machine#Automatiek

Because the capital requirements to start a fast-food restaurant are relatively small, particularly in areas with non-existent or poorly enforced health codes, small individually-owned fast-food restaurants have become common throughout the world. Restaurants such as Culver's and Noodles, where the customers sit down and have their food orders brought to them, are also considered fast food.

 

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History

 

Although fast-food restaurants are often viewed as a representation of modern technology, the concept of "ready-cooked food to go" is as old as cities themselves; unique variations are historical in various cultures. Ancient Roman cities had bread-and-olive stands, East Asian cultures feature noodle shops. Flat bread and falafel are ubiquitous in the Middle East. Popular Indian "fast" food delicacies include Vada pav, Papri Chaat, Bhelpuri, Panipuri and Dahi Vada. In the French-speaking nations of West Africa, meanwhile, roadside stands in and around the larger cities continue to sell- as they have done for generations- a range of ready-to-eat, chargrilled meat sticks known locally as "brochettes" (not to be confused with the bread snack of the same name found in Europe).

 

The modern history of fast-food in America began on July 7, 1912 with the opening of a fast food restaurant called the Automat in New York. The Automat was a cafeteria with its prepared foods behind small glass windows and coin-operated slots. Joseph Horn and Frank Hardart had already opened an Automat in Philadelphia, but their “Automat” at Broadway and 13th Street, in New York City, created a sensation and numerous Automat restaurants were quickly built around the country to deal with the demand. Automats remained extremely popular throughout the 1920's and 1930's. The company also popularized the notion of “take-out” food, with their slogan “Less work for Mother”. The American company White Castle is generally credited with opening the second fast-food outlet in Topeka, Kansas in 1921, selling hamburgers for five cents apiece.[1] Among its innovations, the company allowed customers to see the food being prepared. White Castle later added five holes to each beef patty to increase its surface area and speed cooking times. White Castle was successful from its inception and spawned numerous competitors. In recent decades, Mexican-style food like tacos and burritos, as well as pizza, have also become staples of fast food culture.

 

McDonald's, the largest fast-food chain in the world and the brand most associated with the term "fast food," was founded as a barbecue drive-in in 1940 by Dick and Mac McDonald. After discovering that most of their profits came from hamburgers, the brothers closed their restaurant for three months and reopened it in 1948 as a walk-up stand offering a simple menu of hamburgers, french fries, shakes, coffee, and Coca-Cola, served in disposable paper wrapping. As a result, they were able to produce hamburgers and fries constantly, without waiting for customer orders, and could serve them immediately; hamburgers cost 15 cents, about half the price at a typical diner. Their streamlined production method, which they named the "Speedee Service System" was influenced by the production line innovations of Henry Ford. The McDonalds' stand was the milkshake machine company's biggest customer and a milkshake salesman named Ray Kroc travelled to California to discover the secret to their high-volume burger-and-shake operation. Kroc thought he could expand their concept, eventually buying the McDonalds' operation outright in 1961 with the goal of making cheap, ready-to-go hamburgers, french fries and milkshakes a nationwide business.

 

Wendy's opened in Columbus, Ohio in 1969 by Dave Thomas, a protégé of Kentucky Fried Chicken founder Col. Harlan Sanders, is credited with pioneering the use of the "drive-thru" window to allow consumers to purchase fast food without having to park or exit their cars; it was first introduced in 1972, and copied by McDonald's in 1975.[2]

 

The "fast" in fast food

 

Fast-food outlets are take-away or take-out providers, often with a "drive-thru" service which allows customers to order and pick up food from their cars; but most also have a seating area in which customers can eat the food on the premises.

 

Nearly from its inception, fast food has been designed to be eaten "on the go" and often does not require traditional cutlery. Common menu items at fast food outlets include fish and chips, sandwiches, pitas, hamburgers, fried chicken, french fries, chicken nuggets, tacos, pizza, and ice cream, although many fast-food restaurants offer "slower" foods like chili, mashed potatoes, and salads. However, even though Western-style Chinese cuisine is most often served as take-away, it is seldom considered to be fast food.

 

"Fast food" is also available in other places. For example many petrol/gas stations have convenience stores which sell pre-packed sandwiches, donuts or hot food. Supermarkets often include their own cafe with a prepared food service counter. Some, like ASDA and Wal-Mart may even include a well-known fast food chain within their own store, such as McDonald's.

 

Food preparation

 

The convenience of traditional street food around the world, from Vietnamese noodle vendors to Middle Eastern falafel stands to New York hot dog carts, lies in serving one or two basic ingredients that can be cooked in batches and served quickly on the spot. Modern commercial fast food, by contrast, is often highly processed and prepared in an industrial fashion, i.e., on a large scale with standard ingredients and standardised cooking and production methods. It is usually rapidly served in cartons or bags or in a plastic wrapping, in a fashion which minimises cost. In most fast food operations, menu items are generally made from processed ingredients prepared at a central supply facility and then shipped to individual outlets where they are reheated, cooked (usually by microwave or deep-frying) or assembled in a short amount of time. This process ensures a consistent level of product quality, and is key to being able to deliver the order quickly to the customer and eliminate labor and equipment costs in the individual stores. All in all, fast food is evil, food of satan.

 

Business

 

Consumer spending

 

In the United States alone, consumers spent about US$110 billion on fast food in 2000 (which increased from US$6 billion in 1970). The National Restaurant Association forecasts that fast-food restaurants in the U.S. will reach US$142 billion in sales in 2006, a 5% increase over 2005. In comparison, the full-service restaurant segment of the food industry is expected to generate $173 billion in sales. Fast food has been losing market share to so-called fast casual restaurants, which offer more robust and expensive cuisines.

 

McDonald's and other major brands

 

McDonald's, a noted fast-food supplier, opened its first franchised restaurant in the US in 1955 (1974 in the UK). It has become a phenomenally successful enterprise in terms of financial growth, brand-name recognition, and worldwide expansion. Ray Kroc, who bought the franchising license from the McDonald brothers, pioneered many concepts which emphasized standardization. He introduced uniform products, identical in all respects at each outlet, to increase sales. At the same time, Kroc also insisted on cutting food costs as much as possible, eventually using the McDonald's Corporation's size to force suppliers to conform to this ethos.

 

Other major American fast food chains are Wendy's, Burger King, Arby's, Jack in the Box, Runza Restaurants, Good Times, Chick-fil-A, and the portfolio of restaurants owned by Louisville, KY-based Yum! Brands, including A&W Restaurants, Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), Long John Silver's, Pizza Hut, and Taco Bell.

 

As well as most of the major American fast food restaurants, Canada has several fast food chains native to Canada such as: Boston Pizza, Mr.Sub, Tim Hortons, Swiss Chalet, and the recently internationally expanded New York Fries.

 

UK chains include EasyPizza and Wimpy's.

 

Many fast food operations have more local and regional roots, such as White Castle in the Midwest United States, along with Hardee's (owned by CKE Restaurants, which also owns Carl's Jr., whose locations are primarily on the United States West Coast), Krystal and Zaxby's restaurants in the American Southeast, Raising Cane's in Louisiana, and the famous In-N-Out Burger & Tommy's chains in Southern California. In Canada pizza chains Toppers Pizza and Pizza Pizza are primarily located in Ontario. Coffee chain Country Style operates only in Ontario, and competes with the famous coffee and donut chain Tim Hortons.

 

International chains

 

The fast-food industry is popular in the United States, the source of most of its innovation, and many major international chains are based there. Seen as symbols of US dominance and perceived cultural imperialism, American fast-food franchises have often been the target of Anti-globalization protests and demonstrations against the US government. In 2005, for example, rioters in Karachi, Pakistan, who were initially angered because of the bombing of a Shiite mosque, destroyed a Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant.

 

Multinational corporations typically modify their menus to cater to local tastes and most overseas outlets are owned by native franchisees. McDonald's in India, for example, uses lamb rather than beef in its burgers because Hinduism traditionally forbids eating beef. In Israel the majority of McDonald's restaurants are kosher and respects the Jewish shabbat, there is also a kosher McDonald's in Argentina. In Egypt and Saudi Arabia, all menu items are halal. However, these concessions to local practice have not quashed criticism.

 

Additionally, multinational fast-food chains are not the only or even the primary source of fast food in most of the world. Many regional and local chains have developed around the world to compete with international chains and provide menu items that appeal to the unique regional tastes and habits. Most fast food in the developing world, however, is provided by small individual mom and pop eateries. In the developing world, multinational chains are considerably more expensive; they usually are frequented because they are considered chic and somewhat glamorous and because they usually are much cleaner than local eateries.

 

In Canada the majority of fast food chains are American owned, or were originally American owned but have since set up a Canadian management/headquarters location in cities such as Toronto and Vancouver. Although the case is usually American fast food chains expanding into Canada, Canadian chains such as Tim Hortons and Swiss Chalet have expanded into the United States, usually into border states such as New York and/or Michigan although Tim Hortons has now expanded into 10 states.

 

In the United Kingdom, many home based fast food operations were closed in the 1970s and 1980s after McDonald's became the number one outlet in the market[citation needed]. However, brands like Wimpy remain, although there are far fewer outlets than in previous decades[citation needed]. In France and Belgium, Quick is a popular alternative to McDonald's and Burger King. Traditional ramen and sushi restaurants still dominate fast food culture in Japan, although American outlets like Pizza Hut, McDonald's and Kentucky Fried Chicken are also popular, along with Western-style Japanese chains like Mos Burger.

 

Nutritional value

 

Because the fast food concept relies on speed, uniformity and low cost, fast food products are often made with ingredients formulated to achieve a certain flavor or consistency and to preserve freshness. This requires a high degree of food engineering, the use of additives and processing techniques that substantially alter the food from its original form and reduce its nutritional value.

 

Changes

 

Fast-food chains have come under fire from consumer groups (such as the Center for Science in the Public Interest, a longtime fast-food critic) over the past decade. Some of the concerns have led to the rise of the so-called Slow Food movement. This movement seeks to preserve local cuisines and ingredients, and directly opposes laws and habits that favor fast-food choices. Among other things, it strives to educate consumers' palates to prefer what it considers richer, more varied, and more nourishing tastes of fresh local ingredients harvested in season.

 

Some of the large fast-food chains are beginning to incorporate healthier alternatives in their menu, e.g., salads and fresh fruit. However, some people see these moves as a tokenistic and commercial measure, rather than an appropriate reaction to ethical concerns about the world ecology and people's health. McDonald's has announced that in March of 2006, the chain will include nutritional information on the packaging of all of its products.

 

Several chains (lead by McDonald's and Burger King) have recently, in bid for self-preservation, focused on improving the nutritional quality of their offerings. However, their foods still contain much fat and unhealthy products.

 

Consumer appeal

 

This two-person eating booth exemplifies the interior of many fast food restaurants.Fast-food outlets have become popular with consumers for several reasons. One is that through economies of scale in purchasing and producing food, these companies can deliver food to consumers at a very low cost. In addition, although some people dislike fast food for its predictability, it can be reassuring to a hungry person in a hurry or far from home.

 

In the post-war period in the United States, fast food chains like McDonald's rapidly gained a reputation for their cleanliness, fast service and a child-friendly atmosphere where families on the road could grab a quick meal, or seek a break from the routine of home cooking. Prior to the rise of the fast food chain restaurant, people generally had a choice between greasy-spoon diners where the quality of the food was often questionable and service lacking, or high-end restaurants that were expensive and impractical for families with young children. The modern, stream-lined convenience of the fast food restaurant provided a new alternative and appealed to Americans' instinct for ideas and products associated with progress, technology and innovation. Fast food restaurants rapidly became the eatery "everyone could agree on", with many featuring child-size menu combos, play areas and whimsical branding campaigns, like the iconic Ronald McDonald, designed to appeal to younger customers. Parents could have a few minutes of peace while children played or amused themselves with the toys included in their Happy Meal. There is a long history of fast food advertising campaigns, many of which are directed at children.

 

In other parts of the world, American and American-style fast food outlets have been popular for their quality, customer service and novelty, even though they are often the targets of popular anger towards American foreign policy or globalization more generally. Many consumers nonetheless see them as symbols of the wealth, progress and well-ordered openness of Western society and therefore become trendy attractions in many cities around the world, particularly among younger people with more varied tastes.

 

Criticisms

 

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Hot DogBecause of its convenience, fast food is popular and commercially successful in most modern societies, but it is often criticized for having the following shortcomings, among others:

 

Many popular fast-food menu items are unhealthy, and excessive consumption can lead to obesity.

Exploitative advertising and marketing are used, especially directed at children (which can have an adverse effect on their eating habits and health).

It causes environmental damage through excessive packaging and clearing forests for animal rearing.

It reduces the diversity of local cuisines.

It survives on a low-wage, low-benefit employment model, promoting exploitative labor practices throughout the food and food service industry

Its franchising scheme (royalties).

Its often lower quality versus sit-down restaurants.

The fast-food industry is a popular target for critics, from would-be populists like José Bové (whose destruction of a McDonald's in France made him a folk hero to some) to vegetarian activist groups such as PETA.

 

In his best-selling 2001 book Fast Food Nation, investigative journalist Eric Schlosser leveled a broad, socio-economic critique against the fast food industry, documenting how fast food rose from small, family-run businesses (like the McDonald brothers' burger joint) into large, multinational corporate juggernauts whose economies of scale radically transformed agriculture, meat processing and labor markets in the late twentieth century. While the innovations of the fast food industry gave Americans more and cheaper dining options, it has come at the price of destroying the environment, economy and small-town communities of rural America while shielding consumers from the real costs of their convenient meal, both in terms of health and the broader impact of large-scale food production and processing on workers, animals and land.

 

Schlosser's critics respond that fast food companies merely provide something consumers want and that the economies of scale developed by the industry have had a net positive effect on the American and global economy. Defenders of fast food companies point out that they provide entry-level jobs to people with few skills who might otherwise be unemployed and that individual consumers should be responsible for their eating choices, not business. They say that Schlosser and other critics blame fast food companies for social problems that are not of their making. Although further lawsuits have not materialized, the issue is kept alive by in the media and political circles by those promoting the need for tort reform.

 

In response to this, the "Cheeseburger Bill" was passed by the U.S. House of Representatives in 2004; it later stalled in the U.S. Senate. The law was reintroduced in 2005, only to meet the same fate. This law was claimed to "[ban] frivolous lawsuits against producers and sellers of food and non-alcoholic drinks arising from obesity claims." The bill arose because of an increase in lawsuits against fast-food chains by people who claimed that eating their products made them obese, disassociating themselves from any of the blame.

 

Notes

 

^ http://bbq.about.com/cs/hamburgers/a/aa070597.htm

^ http://www.bookrags.com/history/popculture/fast-food-bbbb-02/

^ Schlosser, Eric. Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the American Meal. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2001. ISBN 0-395-97789-4

^ http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/05/31/world/main698614.shtml

^ http://biz.yahoo.com/rb/060116/leisure_mcdonalds.html?.v=1

^ http://exchanges.state.gov/forum/vols/vol40/no1/p25.htm

^ http://www.tcsdaily.com/article.aspx?id=031103E

^

Legal issues

In the high profile McLibel Case, McDonald's took two anti-McDonald's campaigners, Helen Steel and David Morris, to court for a trial lasting two and a half years—the longest in English legal history and part of a 20-year battle—after the pair distributed leaflets critical of the company and its food in London's streets. McDonald's won the case in the UK High Court, and were awarded £60,000 damages, which later was reduced to £40,000 by the Court of Appeal. However, the court ruled in favour of a number of the defendants' claims, including that McDonald's low rates of pay depress rates across the fast-food industry. Steel and Morris then made a separate but related claim against the UK Government in the European Court of Human Rights, claiming that the lack of access to legal aid and the heavy burden of proof that lay with them to prove their claims (rather than McDonald's, the claimants, having to prove that the claims were false) under UK libel law breached the right to a fair trial and freedom of expression. The ECHR ruled against the UK Government, which subsequently introduced legislation to change the libel laws to remedy the defects highlighted by the ECHR judgment. The libel charge and fine were overturned in an appeals case.

 

In 2003, McDonald's was sued in a New York court by a family who claimed that the restaurant chain was responsible for their teenage daughter's obesity and attendant health problems. By manipulating food's taste, sugar and fat content and directing their advertising to children, the suit argued that the company purposely misleads the public about the nutritional value of its product. A judge dismissed the case, but it nonetheless drew unwanted attention to the fast food industry's practices, particularly the way it targets children in its advertising.<ref?http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/2502431.stm

^ http://www.legalunderground.com/2005/04/fast_food.html

^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3500388.stm

 

References

 

Hogan, David. Selling 'em by the Sack: White Castle and the Creation of American Food. New York: New York University Press, 1997.

Kroc, Ray. Grinding It Out: The Making of McDonald's. Chicago: Contemporary Books, 1977.

Luxenberg, Stan. Roadside Empires: How the Chains Franchised America. New York: Viking, 1985.

 

See also @ Wikipedia

 

Fast food advertising

List of fast-food restaurants

Su-young

 

Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_food

 

End of Wikipedia content, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_food

 

Content derived from Wikipedia category on Fast Food

 

Subcategories

 

There are 8 subcategories to this category shown below (more may be shown on subsequent pages).

 

B

[+] Burger King foods

F

[+] Fast food advertising characters F cont.

[+] Fast-food restaurants

H

[+] Hamburgers (food)

[+] Hot dogs I

[+] Indian fast food

M

[+] McDonald's foods

P

[+] Pizza

 

Pages in category "Fast food"

 

There are 52 pages in this section of this category.

 

Fast food

A

Fast food advertising

B

Berenklauw

Bosner

Burgerless burger

C

Cart noodle

Cha chaan teng

Cheeseburger

Chicken nugget

Chinky

Conveyor belt sushi

Croquette

Crunchwrap Supreme

Currywurst

D

Disco fries

Döner kebab

E

Enchirito

 F

Fast Food Nation

Favorite Chicken

Fish and chips

Fish finger

French fries

Fried onion

Frikandel

Frosty

G

Gōyā burger

H

Hamburger

Horseshoe sandwich

Hushpuppy

K

Kokoreç

Krazy Bread

Kushari

L

Luther Burger

M

Meat slurry

Mexican pizza

 M cont.

Milkshake

Momo (food)

Monster Thickburger

Mystery meat

N

Nūyaru burger

O

Onion rings

P

Pakora

Patty

Patty melt

Pizza delivery

Poutine

S

Strip Search Prank Call Scam

Supersizemypay.com

T

Tater Tots

V

Value menu

Veggie burger

Z

Zapiekanka

 

Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Fast_food

 

End of Wikipedia content, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Fast_food

 

Content derived from Wikipedia article on Fast Food Advertising

 

Fast food advertising is the promotion of fast food products and ventures through a variety of media. Fast food advertising campaigns are not as highly regulated as some other products, such as those imposed on alcohol advertising, but there are often public calls for their promotion to be minimized.

 

Contents

 

1 Campaign intentions

1.1 Target audience

2 Methods of advertising

3 Regulation and criticism

4 Sponsorship

4.1 Sport

4.2 Television

5 Famous campaigns

6 See also

7 References

 

Campaign intentions

 

Advertising campaigns for fast food restaurants have changed in their intent over time. Many modern campaigns stress the availability of healthy options after years of criticism for the harmful effects of a fast food diet. The rise in awareness of healthy eating and obesity has negatively impacted the business of these establishments, and their marketing campaigns have attempted to rectify this.

 

Target audience

 

Some fast food chains target their advertising at children - an important market for them. McDonald's Happy Meals are one example, which includes a toy often tied in with a newly-released children's film. Ronald McDonald, first introduced in 1963 is a clown-like advertising mascot designed to appeal to young children. From 1996, Disney was an exclusive partner with McDonald's, linking their products together. They announced the end of this deal in May 2006, with some reports saying that Disney was worried about childhood obesity. McDonald's has since been in talks with rival animation studios.

 

More recently, chains like Carl's Jr. and Burger King have directed advertising towards a different demographic – young teenage and college-age men – with trendy, often sexualised, imagery and messages that target men's supposed desire for large, meat-filled burgers and rich, satisfying food. In 2005, for example, Carl's Jr. debuted a controversial ad featuring a bikini-clad Paris Hilton writhing sensuously on an expensive Bentley luxury car while enjoying a large burger. The ad provoked outrage from a number of groups, but Carl's Jr. sales climbed impressively.

 

Methods of advertising

 

Neighbouring fast food restaurant advertisement signs in Bowling Green, KentuckyCommon methods of advertising include:

 

Television commercial campaigns

Print media campaigns

Billboard campaigns

Event Sponsorship (sporting events and others)

Product placement in films and television programs

Various forms of branding, including clothing

Direction signs and posters, telling people how far the restaurant is

In February 2005 McDonald's used a viral marketing campaign during Super Bowl XXXIX - the Lincoln Fry. Two Pizza Hut marketing ploys have involved spaceflight. In 2001 they were the first to deliver pizzas to outer space when their vacuum-sealed food arrived at the International Space Station,[6] just a year after agreeing a deal to have a 30-foot Pizza Hut logo placed on the side of an unmanned rocket.

 

Regulation and criticism

 

One of the main areas of regulation facing fast food companies is the advertising of "junk food" to children. In the United Kingdom, the Children's Food Bill is intended to highly regulate the advertising of such food aimed at children, and many other countries are looking to introduce strict limitations on fast food advertising. Talks between the Food Standards Agency (FSA) and the fast food companies were initiated to work together in an effort to improve childrens' diets, though Burger King withdrew from the discussions.

 

Some organisations have called for the watershed to apply to various unhealthy foodstuffs, including fast food. In June 2006, the FSA called for laws to prevent such food from being advertised on television before 9pm. They also called for the disassociation of television and film characters from fast food and stopping celebrities from appearing in such advertisements. The impact of such campaigns is often denied by the fast food companies and the television networks that carry their advertisements. Some networks have also said that tighter regulations would reduce advertising income and that would have a negative impact on the quality of children's programming. In Sweden all advertising aimed at the under-12s is banned, including fast food adverts.

 

Faced with stricter television, radio and print regulation, many fast food companies have started making use of Internet advertising to reach their customers.

 

The accuracy of the images of food used by the fast food companies is regularly called into question. The actual product is often described as being of poorer quality to that represented in the image.

 

On 3 June 2004 KFC withdrew American television commercials claiming that "fried chicken can, in fact, be part of a healthy diet" after reaching a settlement with the Federal Trade Commission.

 

Fast food advertising is often complained about to advertising authorities, with members of the public most usually claiming that the wording is misleading. Not all the complaints are upheld. For example, between 11 September 2002 and 24 March 2004 the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) in the UK investigated complaints about six McDonald's advertisements, with two of them being upheld. The ASA used one of the upheld complaints as a case study.

 

In 2006 the European Union passed a new law regarding the labelling of foods - any food with a nutritional claim (such as "low fat") must also highlight that it is high in something else (such as "high salt") if that is the case. While fast food is often not given a traditional label, this may have an impact on advertising.

 

In November 2006, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) announced that it would ban television adverts for junk food before, during and after television programming aimed at under-16s in the United Kingdom. These regulations were originally outlined in a proposal earlier in the year. This move has been criticized on both ends of the scale; while the Food and Drink Federation labelled the ban "over the top", others have said the restrictions do not go far enough (particularly due to the fact that soap operas would be exempt from the ban). The restrictions will go into effect by the end of January 2007.

 

Sponsorship

 

Sport

 

Several international fast food companies have sponsored sporting events, teams and leagues. McDonald's is one of the largest sponsors, having affiliations with the NHL, Olympic Games, and the FIFA World Cup. Several companies, including McDonald's, Burger King and Pizza Hut, have a history of sponsoring NASCAR teams.

 

The ethics of fast food companies sponsoring sporting events has been called into question by many experts. It has been commented that unhealthy food and drink should not be associated with healthy sporting activities.

 

Television

 

Some fast food companies sponsor television programmes. Domino's Pizza have sponsored Sky One's screenings of The Simpsons in the UK for many years. In 2005 Pizza Hut sponsored the same programme when it was shown on Channel 4 – the Sky/Domino's deal continued.

 

Famous campaigns

 

Famous campaigns include:

 

i'm lovin' it (McDonald's)

Taco Bell chihuahua (Taco Bell)

Two all beef patties, special sauce, lettuce, cheese, pickles, onions on a sesame seed bun. (McDonald's)

Where's the beef? (Wendy's)

 

See also

 

McDonald's TV campaigns and slogans

 

References

 

^ Choueka, Elliott. "Big Mac fights back", BBC News, 2005-07-08. Retrieved on 2006-10-09.

^ "Disney and McDonald's deal ended", Norwich Union, 2005-05-10. Retrieved on 2006-10-09.

^ Noe, Eric. "Did Childhood-Obesity Worries Kill Disney-McDonald's Pact?", ABC News, 2006-05-08. Retrieved on 2006-10-09.

^ "Report: McDonald's may work with other studios after Disney", CNN Money, 2005-07-06. Retrieved on 2006-10-09.

^ Hein, Kenneth. "Paris Ad for Carl's Jr. Too Hot for TV", Adweek, 2005-04-25. Retrieved on 2006-10-09.

^ "Pizza Hut Celebrates Successful Delivery to Space", Space.com, 2001-05-22. Retrieved on 2006-10-09.

^ "Pizza Hut Puts Pie in the Sky with Rocket Logo", Space.com, 1999-09-30. Retrieved on 2006-10-09.

^ Children's Food Bill. British House of Commons (2004-05-18). Retrieved on 2006-10-09.

^ Leake, Jonathan. "Burger King opts out of health food drive", The Sunday Times, 2005-10-09. Retrieved on 2006-10-09.

^ Derbyshire, David. "Ban all junk food ads before 9pm, says watchdog", Telegraph.co.uk, 2006-06-15. Retrieved on 2006-10-09.

^ Kedgley, Sue (2003-03-06). TVNZ’s defence of fast-food advertising leaves foul taste. Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand. Retrieved on 2006-10-09.

^ Simmonds, Malcolm (March 2006). The Growth of Obesity. Alternative HealthZine. Retrieved on 2006-10-09.

^ Bobbie Johnson, Owen Gibson. "Internet used to push fast food to children, say campaigners", Guardian Unlimited, 2006-03-27. Retrieved on 2006-10-09.

^ "Where is that juicy burger? Advertising tricks used by fast food industry, food photography", The Weekly Gripe. Retrieved on 2006-10-09.

^ Bergren, Scott. "KFC Responds to FTC Resolution of Advertising Inquiry", 2004-06-03. Retrieved on 2006-10-09.

^ "End of story for one fast food ad", Advertising Standards Authority. Retrieved on 2006-10-09.

^ "Tight controls on food labelling", BBC News, 2006-05-16. Retrieved on 2006-10-09.

^ "Junk food ad crackdown announced", BBC News, 2006-11-17. Retrieved on 2006-11-17.

^ "Junk food ads to be banned from kids' TV", Daily Mail, 2006-03-27. Retrieved on 2006-11-17.

^ "Reactions in quotes: ad ban", BBC News, 2006-11-17. Retrieved on 2006-11-17.

^ McDonald's :: About Us :: Sports Sponsorships. McDonald's Canada. Retrieved on 2006-10-09.

^ Pook, Sally. "Burgers and Coke criticised as Games sponsors", Telegraph.co.uk, 2006-06-16. Retrieved on 2006-10-09.

 

External links

"Children's food choices, parents' understanding and influence, and the role of food promotions" at Ofcom (UK)

"Food advertising" at Young Media Australia

"Junk food ads to be banned from kids' TV" at the Daily Mail, 27 March 2006 (UK)

"TV fast food advertising ban rejected" at the Sydney Morning Herald, 14 September 2005 (Australia)

"Advertising budgets linked to fast food popularity" at Norwich Union, 1 December 2005 (UK)

 

End of Wikipedia content, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_food_advertising

 

Content derived from Wikipedia article on List of Fast Food Restaurants

 

Contents

 

1 International

2 Australia

3 Belgium

4 Brazil

5 Canada

6 PR China

6.1 Hong Kong

7 Dubai

8 El Salvador

9 Egypt

10 Finland

11 France

12 Germany

13 Greece

14 Guatemala

15 Iceland

16 Iran

17 Ireland

18 Israel

19 Italy

20 Japan

21 Lebanon

22 Malaysia

23 Mexico

24 The Netherlands

25 New Zealand

26 Nigeria

27 Pakistan

28 Peru

29 Philippines

30 Poland

31 Portugal

32 Saudi Arabia

33 Singapore

34 South Africa

35 Spain

36 Sweden

37 Thailand

38 United Arab Emirates

39 United Kingdom

40 United States

41 Fictional

42 Fast-food chains which have disappeared

43 Corporations

44 See also

45 References

 

 

The following is a list of fast-food restaurant chains.

 

Restaurants operating Internationally are listed under International and Country Where Founded.

 

 

International

 

A&W

Arby's

Boston Pizza

Burger King

Charley's Grilled Subs

Chester's International

Chicken Licken

Cruisin' Fried Chicken

Dairy Queen

Denny's

Domino's Pizza

KFC

Krystal

McDonald's

Nando's

New York Fries

Pizza Hut

Quiznos Sub

Tim Hortons

Subway

Swiss Chalet

Taco Bell

Wendy's

White Castle

 

Australia

 

Augustin Burger

Australia's Pizza House

Barnacle Bill

Boost Juice

Chicken Treat

Charcoal Chicken

Crepe Cafe

Donut King

Donut Deluriam

Eagle Boys Pizza

Fast Eddy's

Fasta Pasta

Hungry Jack's (former Burger King franchisee, but now a separate chain)

Henny Penny

Michel's Patisserie

Nando's

Ogalo

Oporto

Pancake Parlour

Papa Jo's Pizza

Pedro's

Pizza Haven

Rap It Up (wraps)

Red Rooster

Taco Bill

Uncle Tony's Kebabs

Wendy's (Australia) (Ice Cream)

Yoshinoya

 

Belgium

 

Quick

 

Brazil

 

Bob's

Black Dog

Burgão

Disk-pizza

Giraffas

Habib's

 

Canada

 

241 Pizza

A&W

Arby's

Bakers Dozen

Boston Pizza

Bourbon St. Grill

Café Suprême

Chez Ashton

Coffee Time

Country Style

Dagwoods (Quebec)

Deluxe French Fries

Dixie Lee Fried Chicken

Double Pizza

Edo Japan

Extreme Pita

Fast Eddies

Franxx Supreme

Gino's Pizza

Greco Pizza

Harvey's

Koya Japan

La Belle Province (Quebec)

Lick's Homeburger

Lifestyle Markets

Made In Japan Teriyaki Experience

Main Street Donuts

Mandarin

Mr. Greek

Mr. Sub

Mrs. Vanelli's

New York Fries

Panago

Pickle Barrel

Pizza Delight

Pizza Nova

Pizza Pizza

Pizza Shack

Roasty Jack

St. Louis Bar & Grill

Robin's Donuts

Select Sandwich

Shoeless Joe's

South 202

South Street Burger Co

St-Hubert

Swiss Chalet

Tim Hortons (owned by Wendy's)

Topper's Pizza

Valentine

White Spot

Yogen Fruz

 

PR China

 

California Beef Noodle King

Dico's Fried Chicken and Hamburgers

Mr. Rulao

Yonghe King

 

Hong Kong

 

Café de Coral

Chaan-tengs

Délifrance

Fairwood

Maxim's

Oliver's Super Sandwiches

Prêt-à-Manger

 

Dubai

 

Chic King

 

El Salvador

 

Biggest

La Neveria

Mister Donut

Nash Pizza

 

Egypt

 

Bon Appetit

Cook Door

Gad

Mo'men

Pizza King

Smiley's Grill

L..... I.... soon in Egypt

Cilantro

 

Finland

 

Golden RAX

Hesburger

Kotipizza

Rolls

Scanburger

 

France

 

Délifrance

Flunch

Quick Brioche Doree

 

Germany

 

Asia Wok

Ditsch

Hallo Pizza

Joey´s Pizza

Kochlöffel

Nordsee

Sausalitos

Wienerwald

 

Greece

 

Goody's

 

Guatemala

 

Pollo Campero

 

Iceland

 

Pizza 67

 

Iran

 

BOOF

Avache (previously 'Apache')

Super Burger

 

Ireland

 

Abrakababra

Apache Pizza

Bagel Bar

Bagel Factory

Eddie Rockets

Four Star Pizza

Godfather's Pizza

O'Briens Irish Sandwich Bars

Supermac's

Zumo

 

Israel

 

Burgeranch

 

Italy

 

Autogrill on the Italian network of Autostrada freeways

Brek

Chef Express in trains and train stations

Ciao

Pizzarito & Pastarito

Spizzico

 

Japan

 

Becker's

Chikuji Gindako

CoCo Ichibanya

Dom Dom Hamburger

First kitchen

Freshness Burger

Kozozushi

Kyotaru

Lotteria

MOS Burger

Pepper Lunch

Sukiya, "Beef bowl"

Tenya

Yoshinoya, "Beef bowl"

 

Lebanon

 

Barbar

Bliss House

Breakfast to Breakfast

Crepaway

La Teiera Café

 

Malaysia

 

1901 Hotdog

Kyros Kebab

Marrybrown

Satay Ria

 

Mexico

 

El Pollo Loco

 

The Netherlands

 

FEBO

Maoz

SILVER GRILL

 

New Zealand

 

Ali Baba

Big Rooster - defunct

Burger Fuel

Burger Wisconson

Carnivores

Charcoal Chicken

Eagle Boys - bought by Pizza Hut

Fergburger

Georgie Pie - defunct

Hell Pizza

Homestead Chicken - defunct

Hungry Kiwis' Pizza

Jester's Jaffle Pie

King Pie

Leaning Tower of Pizza

Robbie's Bar & Bistro

Spagalimi's Pizza

Thunderburgers

Uncles - defunct

 

Nigeria

 

Big Treat

Mr. Bigg's

Skippers

Sweet Sensation

Tantalizers

Tastee Fried Chicken

The Triangle

On The Run:-

 -Luv Dat Chicken

 -Nando's

 -Must Be The Pizza

 -Creamy Inn

 -Dial A Delivery

 

Pakistan

 

Al-Najam Fried Chicken

KFC Pakistan

Al Baik

Pizza Hut

Uno Pizzeria Chicago Grill

Arizona Grill

McDonalds Pakistan

Dixy Chicken

Chicken Cottage

Subway Pakistan

Nandos

Dominos Pizza Pakistan

TGI Fridays

A&W Fast Food

Gino's

Papa Silly's Pizza

(All Chains in Pakistan sell Halal food only)

 

Peru

 

Bembos

China Wok

 

Philippines

 

Andok's Lechon

Brother's Burger

Burger Machine

Chowking

Cinnzeo

Fazoli's

Go Nuts Donuts

Greenwich Pizza

Ha Yuan

Jollibee

Kenny Rogers Roasters

L.C. Big Mak!

Mango Brutus

McDonald's

Mister Donut

Nacho Fast

Nacho King

NachO'Rap

North Park

Racks

Shakey's Pizza

Teriyaki Boy

Tapa King

Tokyo Tokyo

Tropical Hut

Wham! Burgers

Yellow Cab Pizza

Yoshinoya

 

Poland

 

Telepizza

{PaulPizza)

 

Portugal

 

Burger Ranch

Big Bob`S

 

Saudi Arabia

 

Al Baik

Al Tazaj

Kudu

 

Singapore

 

Genki Sushi

MOS Burger

Old Chang Kee

Pepper Lunch

Yoshinoya

Burger King

 

South Africa

 

Chicken Licken

Debonairs Pizza

Nando's

Steers

 

Spain

 

Bocatta

Pans & Company

Rodilla

Telepizza

Telericatorta

Pizzamovil

 

Sweden

 

Max

Frasses

Sibylla

 

Thailand

 

The Pizza Company

 

United Arab Emirates

 

Al Tazaj

Americana Chicken Tikka

Fresh Chicken King

Golden Fork

Havana Café

Southern Fried Chicken

Wimpy's

 

United Kingdom

 

Arbuckles (also known as Fatty Arbuckles)

Augustin Burger

Bagel Nash

Chicken Cottage

Dixy Chicken

Dallas Chicken

Favorite Chicken

Frankie & Bennies

Gourmet Burger Company

Harry Ramsden's

Jumbuck's, The Aussie Pie Co.

Little Chef

Nando's

Pret a Manger

The Real Burger

Wimpy

Yo! Sushi

Big John's Fast Food (exclusive to the west midlands)

Pete's Chippery (Fish & Chip's & Kebab's Nuneaton)

 

United States

 

A&W

Amigos/Kings Classic

Andy's Frozen Custard

Arby's

Arctic Circle Restaurants

Arthur Treacher's

Au Bon Pain

Back Yard Burgers

Baja Fresh

Baker's Drive-thru

Baskin-Robbins

Big Apple Bagels

Big Boy

Big John Steak & Onion

Big Folks Only Food

Blake's Lotaburger

Blimpie

Bojangles'

Boston Market

Braum's

Brown's Chicken & Pasta

Bruster's Ice Cream

Bun Boy

Burger King

Captain D's

Carl's Jr.

Charley's Grilled Subs

Checkers Drive-In (also called Rally's Drive-In)

Chester's

Chick-fil-A

Chicken Express

Chipotle Mexican Grill

Chuck E. Cheese's

Church's Chicken

Cici's Pizza

City Barbeque

Cookout

Cosi

Crown Burgers

Crown Fried Chicken [26]

Culver's

The Daily Bagel

Del Rancho

Del Taco

Dick's Drive-In

Dog n Suds

Domino's Pizza

Donatos Pizza

Duchess Restaurants

Dunkin' Donuts

Einstein Bros. Bagels

El Pollo Loco

Fatburger

Fazoli's

Filiberto's

Five Guys

Fosters Freeze

Fuddruckers

Godfather's Pizza

Grandy's

The Great American Bagel

The Great Steak & Potato

Green Burrito

Griff's Hamburgers

Hamburger Stand with Der Wienerschnitzel

Happy Daz

Hardee's

Heart Attack Grill

Home Run Inn Pizza

Honey Dew Donuts

Hot Dog on a Stick

In-N-Out Burger

Ivar's

Jack in the Box

Jamba Juice

James Coney Island

Jimmy John's

Jim's Burger Haven

KFC

Kenny Rogers Roasters

Kennedy Fried Chicken

Kewpee

Kopp's Frozen Custard

Krispy Kreme

Krystal

L&L Hawaiian Barbecue

La Salsa

Lenny's Sub Shop

Little Caesars

Long John Silver's

Maid-Rite

McDonald's

Meadows Frozen Custard

Mighty Taco

Milio's Sandwiches

Milo's Hamburgers

Moe's Southwest Grill

Mr. Chicken

Mrs. Winners Chicken

Nathan's Famous

Noah's Bagels

Ollie's Trolley

Orange Julius

Original Tommy's

Pal's Sudden Service

Panda Express

Papa John's Pizza

Peter Piper Pizza

Pioneer Chicken

Pizza Hut

Pizza Ranch

Pollo Tropical

Popeyes Chicken & Biscuits

Portillo's

Potbelly Sandwich Works

Qdoba Mexican Grill

Quiznos Sub

Raising Cane's Chicken Fingers

Rax Restaurants

Red Burrito

Round Table Pizza

Roy Rogers Family Restaurants

Rubio's

Runza

Sbarro

Schlotzsky's

Shakey's Pizza

Skipper's

Simple Simon's Pizza

Sonic Drive-In

Sonny's Real Pit Bar-B-Q

Starbucks

Steak 'n Shake

Stewart's Drive-In

Submarina

Subway

Taco Bell

Taco Bueno

Taco Cabana

Taco Del Mar

Taco John's

Taco Mayo

Taco Tico

Taco Time

Tastee-Freez

Teriyaki Boy

The Hat

Togo's Eateries

Tudor's Biscuit World

Una Mas!

Waffle House

Wetzel's Pretzels

Wendy's

Whataburger

White Castle

Wienerschnitzel

Winchell's Donuts

Winsteads

Yello Sub

Yum-Yum Donuts

Zaxby's

 

Fast-food chains which have disappeared

 

Beefy Boy

Biff Burger: Headquartered in Tampa, Florida. There were 800 of these drive-ins in 1962 from Florida to Toronto, Ontario. Biff meant "Best In Fast Food".

Bun Boy

Burger Chef [27] (link from a former site located at the Internet Archive)

Burghy: incorporated in McDonald's Corporation Italia

Carrols Restaurants: Upstate New York chain. Franchises converted to Burger Kings in 1975.

Country Boy

Doggie Diner: San Francisco based chain of diner style fast food restaurants. Last one went out of business in 1996. The giant fiberglass cartoon dachshund head from the last store was recently made a San Francisco Historical Monument (Sloat Ave and 48th Ave near the San Francisco Zoo).

Fries Are US: came along same time Burger Street U.S.A. a drive thru restaurant in Flint area appeared.

Georgie Pie

Geri's Hamburgers: Midwest regional chain in northern Illinois and Southern Wisconsin, mostly in the Rockford, IL area. Last restaurant closed in Beloit, WI in the late 1990's.

Gino's Hamburgers: East Coast regional chain sold in 1982 to Marriott International which became Roy Rogers Family Restaurants.

Goody Boy

Happy Eater: Nation Wide chain in Great Britain bought out by its rival Little Chef in the 1990s.

Hippos Hamburgers in San Francisco, San Mateo and Menlo Park, California (1960s).

Hot 'n Now Double drive thru chain

Hot Shoppes, Inc.

Juicy Lucy's Double drive thru chain

Lucky Boy

Mr. Quick: regional hamburger chain found primarily in Illinois and Iowa in the 1960s and 1970s. The last known restaurant with the Mr. Quick name closed in 2004 in Ottumwa, IA.

Minnie Pearl Fried Chicken

Naugles: merged with Del Taco in 1988.

Pup 'N' Taco: bought by Taco Bell in 1984.

Red Barn: burger and fried chicken chain in California and the US east coast. Had television and print advertisements starring puppets that were close in design to those on Sesame Street. Chain vanished in the mid to late 70s. Many of their barn-like structures, now housing independent fast-food restaurants, still remain in the San Francisco Bay Area and elsewhere.

Royal Castle Sold White Castle type mini-burgers.

Sandy's - sold out to Hardee's.

Smaks

Super Boy

Wags A restaurant chain similar to Shoney's.

Wetson's, a restaurant from New Jersey

Wimpy Grills Featured J. Wellington Wimpy, the cartoon character who hung around with Popeye, as the restaurant chain mascot. It was the first restaurant chain to go overseas. When its founder, Ed Gold, died in 1978, the chain closed all 1,500 restaurants in keeping with a provision in his will.

Winky's, a burger chain that used the advertising motto "There's no Winky's in Wilmerding"

White Clocks

White Diamond

White Domes

White Tavern

White Tower Hamburgers

Yumi Boy

Zantigo: Absorbed into the Taco Bell chain in 1986. Their most popular menu item was the Chilito. Zantigo is more common in the Midwest.

Zapata: Also absorbed into the Taco Bell chain.

 

Corporations

 

Yum! Brands (a spin-off of PepsiCo) owns Kentucky Fried Chicken, Taco Bell, Long John Silver's, A&W, and Pizza Hut franchises.

Dunkin' Brands owns Dunkin' Donuts, Baskin-Robbins, and Togo's.

CKE Restaurants owns Carl's Jr., Hardee's, Green Burrito, Red Burrito, and La Salsa franchises.

 

See also @ Wikipedia

 

Doughnut shop

Ice cream parlor

 

Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fast-food_restaurants

 

End of Wikipedia content, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fast-food_restaurants

 

 

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