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How do airplanes avoid collision while in flight? – All about Aircraft
Reference Section @ BillDoll.com – The Billion Dollar Site
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How do airplanes avoid collision while in flight?
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For all aircraft related questions see the All about Aircraft section.
How do airplanes avoid collision while in flight?
The principal means of avoiding collisions in uncontrolled airspace is “see and avoid”. Available evidence suggests that the effectiveness of “see and avoid” is questionable when used in isolation (i.e. not in conjunction with a radar service), implying an increased risk of failure to detect a loss of separation.
UKAB cited late or non-sighting by one or both aircraft involved in 15 of the 21 risk-bearing Airprox involving public transport aeroplanes outside of controlled airspace in the last five years. Of these 15, only five aircraft were in receipt of a RAS and only three were equipped with an operational ACAS that gave a Resolution Advisory (RA) warning.
“See and avoid” is significantly less effective against high-speed traffic, in conditions of poor visibility and/or at night. This is further complicated by the fact that military aircraft may operate at speeds above those limitations applicable to civil aircraft. Of the 21 risk-bearing Airprox outside of controlled airspace in the last five years, 13 involved conflictions with high-speed military traffic and nine of these were caused by late or non-sighting.
The See-and-Avoid Rule
The standards and the recommended practices established in Annex 2 of the Chicago Convention, adopted as a national regulation, are applied in French airspace. One of these rules states that:
"Regardless of whether an operation is conducted under instrument flight rules or visual flight rules, vigilance shall be maintained by each person operating an aircraft so as to see and avoid other aircraft"
In certain classes of airspace, air traffic control can give information on traffic and clearance in order to prevent collisions, however see-and-avoid remains the basic rule, in VFR as in IFR flights.
Useful Link – Mid-air Collisions Safety Study
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