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Alopecia – Hair Loss Causes, Treatments
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Alopecia – Hair Loss Causes, Treatments
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Alopecia
Alopecia areata is a form of hair loss from areas of the body, usually from the scalp. Because it causes bald spots on the head especially in the first stages, it is sometimes called spot baldness. In 1–2% of cases, the condition can spread to the entire scalp (Alopecia totalis) or to the entire epidermis (Alopecia universalis).
Types
Alopecia areata monolocularis describes baldness in only one spot. It may occur anywhere on the head. Alopecia areata multilocularis refers to multiple areas of hair loss. If the patient loses all the hair on his/her scalp, the disease is then called Alopecia areata totalis. If all body hair, including pubic hair, is lost, the diagnosis then becomes Alopecia areata universalis. The disease may also be limited only to the beard (Alopecia areata barbae).
Causes
Alopecia areata is thought to be an autoimmune disease in which the body mistakenly treats its hair follicles as foreign tissue and suppresses or stops hair growth. It is not contagious but may be hereditary—there are a few recorded cases of babies being born with congenital alopecia areata.
Diagnosis
First symptoms are small, soft, bald patches which can take just about any shape but are most usually round. Initial presentation most commonly occurs in the late teenage years and young children, but can happen with people of all ages. It most often affects the scalp but may occur on any hair-bearing part of the body. There may be different skin areas with hair loss and regrowth in the same body at the same time. It also may go into remission for a time, or permanently.
Another presentation of the condition are exclamation point hairs. Exclamation point hairs are hairs that become narrower along the length of the strand closer to the base, producing a characteristic 'exclamation point' appearance.
Treatment
About 50% of patients hair will regrow in one year without any treatment. If the affected region is small, it is reasonable to observe the progression of the illness as the problem often spontaneously regresses and the hair grows back. In cases where there is severe hair loss, there has been limited success treating alopecia areata with clobetasol or fluocinonide,steroid injections or cream. some other medications used are minoxidil, irritants (anthralin or topical coal tar), and topical immunotherapy cyclosporine, each of which are sometimes used in different combinations.
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