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Can Graying of Hair be Reversed? How?
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Can Graying of Hair be Reversed? How?
Graying of hair is a natural phenomenon, and is accepted by society as an inevitable consequence of ageing. However, premature graying of hair can present a cosmetic problem to some people.
The age when greying starts depends on your genetic inheritance, but around 50 per cent of Caucasians find that half their hair has turned grey by the age of 50.
The loss of hair colour and graying are due to a gradual decline in the production of a pigment called melanin - in the hair follicle. White hair has no melanin, and gray hair has some but not as much as a red, black or brown hair.
In some cases, premature graying of hair could also be an indication of some other illness in the body.
While until recently it was difficult if not impossible to prevent, leave alone reverse, greying of hair, recent discoveries and inventions in medical science appear to provide some hope.
There are a few medical products available based on the above-mentioned research. It is too early to say whether they provide the breakthroughs desired. The user needs to be beware of products that claim to provide immediate remedy. The good products that are available in the market can provide benefits only if used at least for a period of time, consistently.
In this section of BillDoll.com, we will review the existing knowledge and provide inputs & web resources on the new discoveries & updates that try to answer the question, Can graying of hair be reversed? How?. A second section at this page provides similar inputs for hair loss.
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Baldness Information content derived from Wikipedia
Baldness is a trait which involves the state of lacking hair where it often grows, especially on the head. The most common form of baldness is a progressive hair thinning condition called androgenic alopecia or 'male pattern baldness' that occurs in adult human males and some primate species. The severity and nature of baldness can vary greatly; it ranges from male and female pattern alopecia (androgenetic alopecia, also called androgenic alopecia or alopecia androgenetica), alopecia areata, which involves the loss of some of the hair from the head, and alopecia totalis, which involves the loss of all head hair, to the most extreme form, alopecia universalis, which involves the loss of all hair from the head and the body. Treatment for alopecia has limited success. The more hair lost, the less successful the treatment will be.
Background, cause and incidence
The most noticeable part of human hair is the hair on the head, which is more dense than most hair found elsewhere on the body. The average human head has about 100,000 hair follicles. Each follicle can grow about 20 individual hairs in a person's lifetime. Average normal hair loss is about 100 strands a day.
Incidence of pattern baldness varies from population to population based on diet and personal habits. One large scale study in Maryborough, in central Victoria (Australia) showed the prevalence of mid-frontal hair loss increases with age and affects 57% of women and 73.5% of men aged 80 and over.
Male pattern baldness is characterized by hair receding from the lateral sides of the forehead, known as "receding hairline" or "receding brow." An additional bald patch may develop on top (vertex). The trigger for this type of baldness (called androgenic alopecia because it is caused by male hormones or androgens) is DHT, a powerful sex hormone.
The mechanism by which DHT accomplishes this is not yet understood. In genetically-prone scalps, DHT initiates a process of follicular miniaturization. Through the process of follicular miniaturization, hair shaft width is progressively decreased until scalp hair resembles fragile vellus hair or "peach fuzz" or else becomes non-existent. Onset of hair loss sometimes begins as early as end of puberty, and is mostly genetically determined. Male pattern baldness is classified on the Hamilton-Norwood scale I-VIII.
It was previously believed that baldness was inherited from a person's maternal grandfather. While there is some basis for this belief, both parents contribute to their offspring's likelihood of hair loss. Most likely, inheritance is technically "autosomal dominant with mixed penetrance"
There are several other kinds of baldness:
Traction alopecia is most commonly found in people with ponytails or cornrows who pull on their hair with excessive force. Wearing a hat shouldn't generally cause this, though it is a good idea to let your scalp breathe for 7 hours a day.
Traumas such as chemotherapy, childbirth, major surgery, poisoning, and severe stress may cause a hair loss condition known as telogen effluvium.
Some mycotic infections can cause massive hair loss.
Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder also known as "spot baldness" that can result in hair loss ranging from just one location (Alopecia areata monolocularis) to every hair on the entire body (Alopecia areata universalis).
Localized or diffuse hair loss may also occur in cicatricial alopecia (lupus erythematosus, lichen plano pilaris, folliculitis decalvans, central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, postmenopausal frontal fibrosing alopecia, etc.). Tumours and skin outgrowths also induce localized baldness (sebaceous nevus, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma).
Hypothyroidism can cause hair loss, especially thinning of the outer third of the eyebrows
Approaches to baldness
Psychological implications
The psychological implications for individuals experiencing hair loss vary widely. Some people adapt to the change very well, others have severe problems relating to anxiety, depression, social phobia, and in some cases, problems with identity change.
Retired NASA Astronaut Story Musgrave.Alopecia induced by cancer chemotherapy has been reported to cause changes in self-concept and body image. Body image does not return to the previous state after regrowth of hair for a majority of patients. In such cases, patients have difficulties expressing their feelings (what is called alexithymia) and may be more prone to avoiding family conflicts. Family therapy can help families to cope with these psychological problems if they arise.
Psychological problems due to baldness, if present, are typically most severe at the onset of symptoms.
Some balding men may feel proud of their baldness, feeling a kindred relationship with famous charismatic bald film actors such as Yul Brynner, Vin Diesel, Michael Chiklis, Telly Savalas, Ben Kingsley, Patrick Stewart or Bruce Willis; or politicians such as Ed Koch; or sportsmen such as wrestler Stone Cold Steve Austin, footballer Zinedine Zidane or tennis star Andre Agassi. Much of these celebrities' perceived masculinity and handsomeness derives from their most obvious distinguishing feature. This is not yet true for women, as there are few female celebrities who are bald by choice, chemotherapy or genetics/environment.
Many companies have built a successful business selling products that reverse baldness, by allegedly regrowing hair, transplanting hair or selling hairpieces. There is very little evidence that any of those which claim hair regrowth actually work.
Preventing and reversing hair loss
It is easier to prevent the falling out of healthy hairs than to regrow hair in follicles that are already dormant. Finasteride (marketed in the U.S. as Propecia) and minoxidil (marketed in the U.S. as Rogaine, and some places as Regaine) have shown some success in partially reversing loss. In a one-year study of finasteride, evaluation after one year showed five of 21 subjects (23.8%) had two-grade improvement in MNHS grade on a modified Norwood/Hamilton scale and 12 of 21 subjects (57.1%) had one-grade improvement; the others remained at the same grade. However such treatments are generally ineffective at treating extreme cases of hair loss.
Surgery is another method of reversing hair loss and baldness, although it may be considered an extreme measure. The surgical methods used include hair transplantation, where patches of skin with hair are moved from one part of the head to another.
Looking forward, the prospective treatment of hair multiplication/hair cloning, which extracts self-replenishing follicle stem cells, multiplies them many times over in the lab, and microinjects them into the scalp, has been shown to work in mice, and is currently under development, expected by some scientists to be available to the public in 20092015. Subsequent versions of the treatment are expected by some scientists to be able to cause these follicle stem cells to simply signal the surrounding hair follicles to rejuvenate. See Baldness treatments
Topical application of ketoconazole, which is both an anti-fungal and a potent 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, is often used as a supplement to other approaches.
Interestingly, placebo treatments in studies often have reasonable success rates, though not as high as the products being tested, and even similar side-effects as the products. For example, in Finasteride (Propecia) studies, the percent of patients with any drug-related sexual adverse experience was 3.8% compared with 2.0% in the placebo group.
Regular aerobic exercise can help keep androgen levels naturally lower while maintaining overall health and lowering stress, though weight training may have a detrimental effect on hair by increasing testosterone levels.[citation needed]Stress reduction can be helpful in slowing hair loss.[citation needed]Immunosuppressants applied to the scalp have been shown to temporarily reverse hair loss, though the possibly lethal side effects of this treatment make it untenable.[citation needed]Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens) is an herbal DHT inhibitor often claimed to be cheaper and have fewer side effects than finasteride and dutasteride. Unlike other 5alpha-reductase inhibitors, Serenoa repens induces its effects without interfering with the cellular capacity to secrete PSA. Saw palmetto extract has been demonstrated to inhibit both isoforms of 5-alpha-reductase unlike finasteride which only inhibits the (predominant) type 2 isoenzyme of 5-alpha-reductase.
Polygonum Multiflorum is a traditional Chinese cure for hair loss. Whether the plant itself is useful, the general safety and quality control of herbs imported from China can be questionable.
Beta Sitosterol, which is a constituent in many seed oils, can help to treat BHP by lowering cholesterol. If used for this purpose, an extract is best. Consuming large amounts of oil to get at small quantities of beta sitosterol is likely to exacerbate male pattern baldness.
Resveratrol, from grape skins, is a lipase inhibitor. By decreasing the body's ability to absorb fat through the intestine walls, it reduces the total fat and calorie content of a person's diet.
While drastic, broad spectrum anti-androgens such as flutamide are sometimes used topically. Flutamide is potent enough to have a feminizing effect in men, including growth of the breasts.
In March 2006, Curis announced that it had received the first preclinical milestone, a $1,000,000 cash payment, in its hair growth program with Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, a division of The Procter & Gamble Company. The program is focused on the potential development of a topical Hedgehog agonist for hair growth disorders, such as male pattern baldness and female hair loss.
In October 2006, UK biotechnology firm Intercytex announced they have successfully tested a method of removing hair follicles from the back of the neck, multiplying them and then reimplanting the cells into the scalp (Hair multiplication). The initial testing resulted in 70% of male patients regrowing hair. This treatment method is expected to be available to the public by 2009.
Concealing hair loss
Head
John D. Rockefeller, who had alopecia universalis, with toupeeOne method of hiding hair loss is the "comb over", which involves restyling the remaining hair to cover the balding area. It is usually a temporary solution, useful only while the area of hair loss is small. As the hair loss increases, a comb over becomes less effective. When this reaches a stage of extreme effort with little effect it can make the person the object of teasing or scorn.
Another method is to wear a hat or a hairpiece a wig or toupee. The wig is a layer of artificial or natural hair made to resemble a typical hair style. In most cases the hair is artificial. Wigs vary widely in quality and cost. In the United States, the best wigs those that look like real hair cost up to tens of thousands of dollars. Organizations such as Wigs for Kids and Locks of Love collect individuals' donations of their own natural hair to be made into wigs for young cancer patients who have lost their hair due to chemotherapy or other cancer treatment in addition to any type of hair loss.
Eyebrows
Though not as common as the loss of hair on the head, chemotherapy, hormone imbalance, forms of alopecia, and other factors can also cause loss of hair in the eyebrows. Artificial eyebrows are available to replace missing eyebrows or to cover patchy eyebrows.
Embracing baldness
Of course, instead of concealing hair loss, one may embrace it. A shaved head will grow stubble in the same manner and at the same rate as a shaved face. Many celebrities and athletes shave their heads. They spread the message of baldness by shaving the heads of adults to raise money for curing childhood cancer, which often causes children to lose their hair (see Head shaving). Female baldness is less socially accepted. Sharon Blynn, Bald Is Beautiful founder and an ovarian cancer survivor whose motto is "Always smile from the inside out!" encourages women to define beauty for themselves on their own terms.
Baldness folklore
There are many myths regarding the possible causes of baldness and its relationship with one's virility, intelligence, ethnicity, job, social class, wealth etc. While skepticism is warranted due to lack of scientific validation, some of these myths may have a degree of underlying truth.
"You inherit baldness from your mother's father."
Previously, early baldness of the androgenic type was thought to be sex linked dominant in males and to be sex linked recessive in females.
Research suggests that the gene for the androgen receptor, which is significant in determining probability for hair loss, is located on the X chromosome and so is always inherited from the mother's side.[16]There is a 50% chance that a person shares the same X chromosome as their maternal grandfather. Because women have two X chromosomes, they will have two copies of the androgen receptor gene while men only have one.
However research has also shown that a person with a balding father also has a significantly greater chance of experiencing hair loss.
"Intellectual activity or psychological problems can cause baldness."
This myth probably was inspired by the fact that the human brain is located inside the skull, very close and just below where hair grows, and so it was thought that the use and abuse as well as mental diseases could have negative effect on hair growth and number. It may also be due to the fact that cholesterol is involved in the process of neurogenesis and also the base material from which the body ultimately manufactures DHT. While the notion that bald men are more intelligent may lack credibility in the modern world, in the ancient world if a person was bald it was likely that he had an adequate amount of fat in his diet. Thus, his mental development was probably not stunted by malnutrition during his crucial formative years, he was more likely to be wealthy, and also have had access to a formal education. However a sedentary lifestyle is less likely to correlate with intelligence in the modern world, and dietary fat content is less strongly linked to economic class in developed countries.
This is sometimes used as a stereotype in films, where the more intellectual or rather frustrated characters are most usually portrayed as bald and generally unattractive, as opposed to the main characters which are usually portrayed as attractive, fit, mentally stable and generally with no apparent hair problems.
This same myth normally extends to considering people having intellectual jobs more prone to baldness problems compared to manual laborers, sometimes further extending the myth to male college or university students when compared to workers of the same age. The myth is suspect because counterexamples can be found in any case.
There is evidence, confirmed by cross cultural studies, for an association between androgen levels and intellectual ability. These findings are controversial due to their implications regarding psychology and gender.
Total testosterone exhibits a positive relation to tactual-spatial abilities and to the degree of lateralization. Total testosterone is negatively correlated with verbal fluency. Testosterone in the saliva is also significantly positively correlated to tactual-spatial test scores and, in addition, to field independence. DHT and the ratio DHT/total testosterone are positively related to verbal fluency and negatively to the degree of lateralization of tactual-spatial performance.
"Baldness can be caused by emotional stress, sexual frustration etc."
Emotional stress has been shown to accelerate baldness in genetically susceptible individuals.
Stress due to sleep deprivation in military recruits lowered testosterone levels, but is not noted to have effected SHBG.
Thus, stress due to sleep deprivation in fit males is unlikely to elevate DHT. Whether it can cause hair loss by some other mechanism is not clear.
"Bald men are more "virile" or sexually active than others" - Levels of free testosterone are strongly linked to libido and also DHT levels, but unless free testosterone is virtually non-existent levels have not been shown to affect virility. Men with androgenic alopecia are more likely to have a higher baseline of free androgens. However sexual activity is multifactoral, and androgenic profile is also not the only determining factor in baldness. Additionally, because hair loss is progressive and free testosterone declines with age, a person's hairline may be more indicative of their past than present disposition.
"Shaving hair makes it grow back stronger" - Proposed as a popular remedy against baldness, it's very probably just an illusion similar to the one perceived after shaving one's beard or mustache. Shaving one's head doesn't increase the number of healthy hair present on the scalp, and, after the remaining hair has grown a few millimeters, no enhancement in thickness or overall quality can be observed.
"Frequent ejaculation causes baldness" - There are many misconceptions about what can help prevent hairloss, one of these being that frequent ejaculation may have an influence on MPB. While ejaculation significantly lowers levels of relaxin (a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor) in a male's body and causes testosterone levels to temporarily elevate, the claim that frequent ejaculations can cause baldness is often viewed with skepticism. Higher free testosterone levels may correlate with both hairloss and increased sex drive in predisposed individuals.
"Standing on one's head alleviates baldness" - The "blood-flow" theory, which led men to stand on their heads in the 1980's, can be found in the advertising for many of the fake hair-loss treatments for sale on the internet. While Minoxidil is a vasodilator and is speculated to work, in part, by increasing blood flow to hair follicles, there is no evidence that standing on one's head can alleviate baldness.
"Tight hats cause baldness" - This one probably started in the military where young men entering the service were required to wear hats and soon showed signs of going bald, or at least of hair thinning. This is due to coincidental timing. The age that young men enter the military is also the same age that male pattern hair loss begins. This is due to dihydrotestosterone, not hats. Hats do cause hair breakage and, to a lesser degree, split ends. Since hats are not washed as frequently as other clothing, they can also lead to scalp uncleanliness and possible P. ovale contamination in men with naturally oily scalps.
Baldness Trivia
John D. Rockefeller had an extreme case of alopecia that caused him to lose all of the hair on his face, including his eyebrows and eyelashes. Another famous person who suffers from similarly severe alopecia is Italian football referee Pierluigi Collina. Actor Patrick Stewart lost most of his hair to male-pattern baldness by age 19 (His natural "horse-shoe" of remaining hair can be seen in the film L.A. Story, along with his numerous appearances as Captain Jean-Luc Picard in Star Trek).
Eunuchs rarely go bald, due to reduced hormone levels.
Baldness is not only a human trait. Some other primates, such as Chimpanzees, stump-tailed macaques, and South American nakari show progressive thinning of the hair on the scalp after adolescence. Adult stump-tailed macaques, in fact, are commonly used in laboratories for the testing of hair-regrowth treatments.
The different predecessors of Old World and New World vultures convergently evolved a bald head, preventing feathers from retaining material from the vulture's diet of rotting meat, as well as helping in heat regulation.
The American Bald Eagle is not really bald. The feathers on the head of this bird are white, in contrast to the brown feathers of the body. The term "bald" derives from the English word balde, which means "white".
Little Britain actor and creator Matt Lucas has suffered from Alopecia Universalis since the age of 6 and has since utilised his situation in the creation of popular characters from Little Britain, such as Andy.
Related topics: Alopecia areata, Alopecia universalis, Trichotillomania, Baldness treatments
Male Pattern Baldness News
What may be the markers of the male equivalent of polycystic ovary syndrome? Discusses androgenic alopecia and insulin resistance.
The Pityrosporon yeasts. Their role as pathogens. Pubmed article on pathogenic yeasts which feed on sebum Topical application of ketoconazole stimulates hair growth in C3H/HeN mice. Pubmed article: Topical application of ketoconazole grows hair in C3H/HeN mice indicating that ketoconazole may be effective as a hair growth stimulant in people with seborrheic dermatitis.
Vitamin D3 analogs stimulate hair growth in nude mice. Pubmed article: Vitamin D3 analogs dramatically stimulated the hair growth of nude mice indicating the role of vitamin D3 in hair growth
Ketocazole as an adjunct to finasteride in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in men. reductase inhibitors available, current 2006
Nitric oxide in the human hair follicle: constitutive and dihydrotestosterone-induced nitric oxide synthase expression and NO production in dermal papilla cells. DHT stimulates production of the free radical Nitrogen Monoxide (NO) which in turn stimulates hair growth.
"Effect of superoxide dismutase on diabetes-induced hair-shedding in rodents" Superoxide and nitric oxide are natually-occurring antagonists. Nitric oxide stimulates hair growth, keeps follicles in the growth phase, etc. Superoxide has an opposite effect.
Lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Pubmed article: Lower blood plasma levels of vitamins C and E correlate with higher cholesterol levels.
Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and Serum Testosterone are Inversely Associated with C-Reactive Protein Levels in Postmenopausal Women at High Risk for Cardiovascular Disease. Levels of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin and total testosterone were inversely associated with C reactive protein levels (believed to be a marker of chronic inflammation) among people not using hormone replacement therapy.
Low Sex Hormone Binding Globulin is a potential marker for metabolic syndrome.
Hormonal profile of men with premature balding. Pubmed article: A hormonal profile of men with premature balding. Balding men were found to have subnormal values of several hormones including; Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), testosterone and epitestosterone. Balding men were NOT found to have a lower free androgen index (i.e. they didn't have a lower level of bioavailable androgens in their blood.) A borderline significant trend was recorded with respect to increased levels in 17OH-P and prolactin.
The relationship between serum levels of insulin and sex hormone-binding globulin in men: the effect of weight loss. Pubmed article: Sex hormone binding globulin levels are reduced by high levels of insulin.
End of Wikipedia content, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldness
Hair Color Information from Wikipedia
Hair color is the result of pigmentation due to the presence of the chemicals of melanin and phaeomelanin.
Human beings have many variations in hair color and hair texture. In general, the more melanin, the darker the hair color; the more phaeomelanin, the lighter it is. Usually the color of children's and adults' hair varies from pale yellow (blonde) to deep black. Hair may also come in more than one shade of color on one's head. As an example, the shade of one's hair color may change from a light shade to a darker one as time elapses.
The ethnic distribution of colors has historically varied by geographic area. For example, black hair prevails in the Middle East, North Africa, and Southern Europe. Dark shades also occur in East Asia, South Asia, Sub-saharan Africa and The Americas. All possible shades from brown to blonde to red to black occur in Europeans and their descendants.
Considerable differences in hair color and texture exist between individuals of similar ethnicity, and immigration and global travel have greatly increased the diversity of hair characteristics in many countries. People also dye their hair to colors that do not occur naturally.
Chemistry
There are two types of pigment that gives hair its color, eumelanin and phaeomelanin. Eumelanin is brown/black, and pheomelanin is yellow/red. A low concentration of eumelanin in the hair and little or no phaeomelanin will give the hair a greyish (ash) blonde color, more eumelanin will give it a dull brown color, and a higher amount of eumelanin will result in black hair. Pheomelanin in low concentrations causes a yellow tone, and in higher concentrations creates a red color, in the same way that undiluted yellow food coloring appears red, but a few drops of it in water will turn it yellow. Most people have hair that contains a mixture of the two. If there is more eumelanin the color will appear more neutral or muted, if there is more pheomelanin the color will appear warmer or redder.
Pheomelanin is more chemically stable than eumelanin, so it breaks down more slowly when oxidized. It is for this reason that Egyptian mummies have reddish hair, as the pheomelanin is still present but the eumelanin has broken down. This is also the reason bleach will cause darker hair to turn red as it is processing, when it has broken down the eumelanin quickly but acts more slowly on the pheomelanin. As the pheomelanin breaks down, the hair will then become orange, then yellow.
Effects of aging on hair color
An elderly man from Sa Pa, Vietnam with grey hairA change in hair color typically occurs naturally as people age, usually turning their hair from its natural color to grey, then to white. More than 40 percent of Americans have some grey hair by their fortieth birthday, but grey hairs can appear as early as the teens and twenties for some, or even in childhood. The determination of when someone begins greying, whether it comes with aging or prematurely, seems to be almost entirely based on genetics. Sometimes people are born with grey hair because it is passed down genetically. Many people use hair dye to disguise the amount of grey in their hair.
The change in hair color is caused by the gradual decrease of pigmentation that occurs when melanin ceases to be produced in the hair root, and new hairs grow in without pigment. Two genes appear to be responsible for the process of greying, Bcl2 and Mitf. The stem cells at the base of hair follicles are responsible for producing melanocytes, the cells that produce and store pigment in hair and skin. The death of the melanocyte stem cells causes hair to begin going grey.
There are no special diets, nutritional supplements, vitamins, nor proteins that have been proven to slow, stop, or in any way affect the greying process, although many have been marketed over the years. This may change in the near future, however. French scientists treating leukemia patients with a new cancer drug noted an unexpected side effect: some of the patients' pre-grey hair color had been restored.
A 1996 British Medical Journal study conducted by J.G. Mosley, MD found that tobacco smoking may cause premature greying. Smokers were found to be four times more likely to begin greying prematurely, compared to nonsmokers in the study.
The colour of the hair of mummies or buried peoples can change over large time periods. Hair contains a mixture of black-brown eumelanin and red-yellow phaeomelanin. Phaeomelanin is much more stable than eumelanin, so that the phaeomelanin in the hair is better preserved over time than the eumelanin. The colour of hair changes faster under extreme conditions. It changes more slowly under dry oxidising conditions (such as in burials in sand or in ice) than under wet reducing conditions (such as burials in wood or plaster coffins).
Medical conditions affecting hair colour
Albinism is a genetic abnormality where no pigment is found in human hair, eyes or skin, making the eyes blue or red, the hair pale white or blonde, and the skin pale white.
Vitiligo is a patchy loss of hair and skin colour that may occur as the result of an auto-immune disease.
Malnutrition is also known to cause hair to become lighter, thinner, and brittler. Dark hair may thus turn reddish or blondish due to the decreased production of melanin. The condition is reversible with proper nutrition.
Werner syndrome and pernicious anaemia can also cause premature greying.
A recent study demonstrated that people 50-70 years of age with dark eyebrows but grey hair are significantly more likely to have type II diabetes than those with both grey eyebrows and grey hair.[4]
Grey hair may temporarily darken after inflammatory processes, after electron-beam-induced alopecia, and after some chemotherapy regimens. Much remains to be learned about the physiology of human greying.[5]
Genetics - At least two gene pairs control human hair color. One gene, which is a brown/blonde pair, has a dominant brown allele and a recessive blonde allele. If a person carries the brown allele, they will have brown hair; otherwise, they will be blonde. This also explains why two brown-haired parents can produce a blonde-haired child. The other gene pair is a not-red/red pair, where the not-red allele (which suppresses production of phaeomelanin) is dominant and the allele for red hair is recessive. Since the two gene pairs both govern hair color, a person with two copies of the red-haired allele will have red hair, but it will be either auburn or bright reddish orange depending upon whether the first gene pair gives a brown or blonde hair color respectively. The recessive genes for both brown/blonde and red hair are found nearly exclusively in populations of white people. There is also a black gene, usually related to darker skinned humans.
However, the two-gene model cannot explain the various shades of brown, blonde, or red which may occur (for example, platinum blonde versus dark blonde/light brown), or why one blonde child's hair might turn brown as he grows up while another blonde child's hair does not. According to some research, there are several gene pairs that control the light versus dark hair color in an accumulative effect. Therefore, the more of these that are dominant, the darker the hair will be.
Common hair colors - Naturally black hair; Naturally brown hair; Naturally blond hair; Naturally red hair - Natural hair color is generally blond, red, brown, or black depending on the ethnic origins of the person in question. Hair color is genetically associated with certain skin tones, eye colors, and disorders such as skin cancer or albinism in persons with blond or red hair. Black hair is the most common.
Black hair - Black hair is found in peoples of East Asian, African, South Asian, Native American, Middle Eastern, Mediterranean and Pacific Islander heritage most commonly,[citation needed] but occurs in people of all backgrounds and ethnicities. It has large amounts of eumelanin and is similar to brown hair in strand thickness, abundance and genetic associations, but is almost completely black or very deep black with different hair texture depending on the person and the ethnicity. For example most people of East Asian descent have very straight black hair, while people of sub-Saharan African descent generally have woolly hair. The many black-haired Caucasoids of the Mediterranean, West Asia, and North Africa exhibit practically all hair forms but woolly.
Brown hair - Brown and blonde hair are based on the same gene. It has more eumelanin than blond hair but also has phaeomelanin present, unlike the black gene. Brown-haired people have medium-thick strands of hair, with an average of 100,000 strands. People with brown hair are called brunettes.
Blond hair - Blond hair is a relatively rare human phenotype, occurring in 1.7 to 2% of the world population with the majority of natural blondes being white. Blond hair is genetically associated with lighter eye color such as blue, green, or light brown and with pale, often freckled, skin tones (however, it has also become prevalent in some dark-skinned populations, such as Australian Aborigines). It ranges from nearly white (platinum blond, tow-haired) to a dark golden blonde. Strawberry blond is a rare type: a mixture of blond and red hair. Blondness is a recessive gene. Blond hair can have almost any proportions of phaeomelanin and eumelanin, but both only in small amounts. More phaeomelanin creates a more golden blonde color, and more eumelanin creates a "dishwater" or ash blonde. Natural blondes have the thinnest strand of hair but have more hair on their heads than others, with an average of 140,000 hairs. Blond hair is the predominant hair color in Sweden, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Estonia.
Red hair - Red hair is the least common hair color in the United States and in the world; around one percent of the U.S. population has red hair. It ranges from vivid strawberry shades to deep auburn and burgundy, and is found mainly in people of Northern , specifically those residing in the British Isle,and less commonly, of Scandinavian descent.
Red hair is caused by a mutation of the Mc1r gene and is believed to be recessive. It is genetically associated with lighter eye color, and pale skin tone. Red hair has the highest amounts of phaeomelanin and the lowest of eumelanin. Natural redheads have the thickest strands of hair and the lowest number of strands at 90,000.
Hair color names
Names for human hair colors include:
brown, brunette, mahogany, chocolate, cinnamon, dark, chestnut jet black, raven, midnight, dark, sable, ebony, onyx, black, domino Flaxen, fair, tow-headed, blonde, sandy blonde, dirty blonde, strawberry blonde, honey, golden, platinum blonde auburn, chestnut, red, fiery, redhead, titian, russet, ginger, scarlet, cinnamon silver, salt and pepper, white, grey, alabaster, snow, platinum and Arctic blond
Related Topics: Eye color, Blonde hair, Brown hair, Red hair, Black hair, Blue hair, Human skin color
Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hair_color
End of Wikipedia content
Hair Coloring Info from Wikipedia
Hair colouring products generally fall into four categories: temporary, semipermanent, deposit only/demi, and permanent. All these hair colour products, except for temporary colour, require a patch test before application to determine if the client is allergic to the product.
"Hair lightening," often referred to as "bleaching" or "decolorizing," is a chemical process involving the diffusion of the natural colour pigment or artificial colour from the hair. This process is central to both permanent hair colour and hair lighteners.
All permanent hair colour products and lighteners contain a developer, or oxidizing agent, and an alkalizing ingredient as part of their ammonia or an ammonia substitute. The purpose of this is to:
Raise the cuticle of the hair fiber so the tint can penetrate, Facilitate the formation of tints within the hair fiber, Bring about the lightening action of peroxide.
When the tint containing the alkalizing ingredient is combined with the developer (usually hydrogen peroxide), the peroxide becomes alkaline and diffuses through the hair fiber, entering the cortex, where the melanin is located. The lightening occurs when the alkaline peroxide breaks up the melanin and replaces it with new colour.
Temporary Hair Color
The pigment molecules in temporary hair colour are large and, therefore, do not penetrate the cuticle layer, allowing only a coating action that may be removed by shampooing. An example of use of temporary hair colour is for Halloween costumes.
Acid dyes are used to coat on the surface of hair, since acid dyes have a low affinity to hair, thus can be removed after a shampoo.
Temporary hair colour is available in various product forms including rinses, shampoos, gels, and others. This type of hair colour is typically used to give brighter, more vibrant shades or colours such as orange or red, that may be difficult to achieve with semi-permanent and permanent hair colour. This phenomenon is due to the fact that temporary hair colourants do not penetrate the hair shaft itself. Instead, these dyes remain adsorbed (closely adherent) to the follicle and can be easily removed with a single shampooing. However, even temporary hair colouring agents can persist if the user's hair is excessively dry or damaged, conditions that allow for migration of the dye from the exterior to the interior of the follicle. While temporary hair colour products hold a lesser market than semi-permanent and permanent agents, they have value in that they can be easily and quickly removed without bleaching or application of a different dye.
Semipermanent - Formulated to deposit colour on the hair shaft without lightening it. This formula has smaller molecules than those of temporary tinting formulas, and is therefore able to penetrate the hair shaft. Has no developer, may be used with heat for penetration. It also lasts longer than temporary hair colour, keeping intact up to 8-14 shampoos.
Demipermanent - Uses a mild, creamy developer of a lower volume [3 to 7 volume or 1 to 3% H2O2] than permanent color. Lasts 2 to 3 months. Some demi products contain MEA's [an ammonia substitute] which helps with penetration and can lift natural color, but not seriously. Penetrates the hair shaft slightly, leaves hair shiny, covers/blends some gray.
The American Board of Certified Haircolourists and most major manufacturers of hair colour now say one should colour the new growth area with a permanent colour to cover gray and touch up or refresh the ends and length of the hair with a compatible shade of demipermanent colour to protect the condition of the hair.
Most hair colour manufacturers offer a demipermanent hair colour tube and a permanent hair colour tube within their product line. However, lately, some hair colour manufacturers like Compagnia Del Colore from Italy have come up with a very ingenious and cost-efficient solution for hair colourists. By using an activator or 7 Volume Peroxide (2.1% H2O2) you can now use the same permanent hair colour tube and convert it into a semipermanent hair colour tube.
If one is using a demi-permanent hair color, especially one that is not of a natural tone, they should be cautioned. While the color may cover some gray hair, on blonde it is known to give the appearance of gray as the color fades.
Permanent
This is mixed with developer and remains in the hair shaft until new growth of hair occurs. It's used to match, lighten, and cover gray hair. Permanent hair colour generally contains ammonia, oxidative tints, and peroxide. The allergic reaction that comes from hair dye is generally one of sensitization to p-phenylenediamine (PPD). The reaction will most likely occur each time one dyes one's hair and will probably get worse each time. The sensitization from the ingredients in hair colour can extend to sensitization of other products of same or similar composition, including but not limited to the dye used in textiles, sunscreen, rubber, and/or certain medications.
Henna is a deposit-only hair colour whose active component, lawsone, binds to keratin and is therefore permanent. Henna may be removed with mineral oil; however, it is considered "permanent" because it does not wash out with shampoos or rinses. It is often mixed with other plant dyes, such as indigo, turmeric, and senna, to change the colour. Allergy to henna is much rarer than allergy to permanent hair colours. It is also considered a conditioning treatment.
Using a plant-based colour, specifically henna, can cause problems later when trying to do a permanent wave (perm) and other permanent hair colour. Discoloration can occur on hair that has been previously tinted with henna; hennaed hair typically cannot be curled. Breakage could also be an issue.
Special Effects
Special effects include highlighting and vivid, unusual hair colours such as green or fuchsia. Highlighting can range from temporary to permanent, using the techniques listed above and a special application process. The techniques required to apply highlighting can be difficult for an individual to perform upon him/herself. One can create looks that range from subtle highlights acquired during a day at the beach, to more dramatic looks, such as bold, chunky highlights.
The more exotic, bright dyes typically contain only tint, and have no developer. These are typically sold in punk-themed stores (such as comic book and music stores), but are rarely available at commercial hair dressers. Colours range from blood red to seafoam green. Many shades are blacklight reactive. Individuals with darker hair (medium brown to black) are advised to use a bleaching kit prior to tint application for the full effect of the colour. Some people with fair hair may benefit from prior bleaching as well, as the yellow undertones of blonde hair can make blue dye look green. These dyes are less permanent, and tend to "bleed" onto other fabric even when dry. Users should anticipate staining of light-colored pillows for a week or so after application.
Problems Related to Colouring Hair
When coloring one's hair it is always advisable to visit a professional hair colourist as there are many mistakes a person could make, as well as some serious consequences. The following are some of the problems that may occur as a result of applying hair colour:
Different color outcome compared to what was expected Breakage of hair stands Loss of hair Dry scalp
Related Topics
Haircut Professional Hair Colouring Tips and Chemistry of Hair Colour Professional Hair Colour Results at Home How to Get the Colour You Want - Tips for Your Visit to the Colourist Streekers Temporary Hair Color- Punk Colors Colormark Hides Gray Roots Between Colorings Hair Colour Expert Mags answers your Hair Colour questions" Find a Board Certified Colorist in Your Area - Questions board Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hair_coloring" Categories: Wikipedia articles needing style editing | Articles lacking sources from July 2006 | All articles lacking sources | Human appearance | Hairdressing
End of Wikipedia content, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hair_coloring
Content derived from Wikipedia article on Hair Transplantation
Hair transplantation involves the surgical removal of a hair-bearing portion of the scalp and its relocation to an area of absent or thinning hair. In recent years, newer techniques have enabled increasingly smaller "donor" portions to be transplanted, leading to more cosmetically acceptable results and an increasing number of candidates selecting this solution for hair loss.
History
The use of both scalp flaps, in which a band of tissue with its original blood supply is shifted to the bald area, and free grafts dates back to the 19th century. Modern transplant techniques began in Japan in the 1930s, where surgeons used small grafts, and even "follicular unit grafts" to replace damaged areas of eyebrows or lashes. They did not attempt to treat baldness per se. Their efforts did not receive worldwide attention at the time, and the traumas of World War II kept their advances isolated for another two decades.
The modern era of hair transplantation in the western world was ushered in in the late 1950s, when New York dermatologist Orentreich began to experiment with free donor grafts to balding areas in patients with male pattern baldness. Previously it had been thought that transplanted hair would thrive no more than the original hair at the "recipient" site. Orentreich demonstrated that such grafts were "donor dominant", as the new hairs grew and lasted just as they would have at their original home.
For the next twenty years, surgeons worked on transplanting smaller grafts, but results were only minimally successful, with 2-4 mm "plugs" leading to a doll's head like appearance. Brazilian surgeons led the advances toward "micrografting", "minigrafting" and what is now called "Follicular Unit Transplantation." With microscopic dissection of donor pieces from a resected portion of scalp, individual follicular units containing but 1-3 hairs could be prepared, and individually relocated into needle punctures in the recipient areas. With current techniques, upwards of 50 grafts per square centimeter should be the standard.
The procedure today
Pre-operative preparation
At an initial consultation, the surgeon analyzes the patient's scalp, discusses his preferences and expectations, and advises him/her on the best approach (e.g.,single vs. multiple sessions) and what results might reasonably be expected.
For several days prior to surgery the patient refrains from using any medicines, or alcohol, which might result in intraoperative bleeding and resultant poor "take" of the grafts. Pre-operative antibiotics are commonly prescribed to prevent wound or graft infections.
Surgery
Transplant operations are performed on an outpatient basis, with mild sedation (optional) and injected topical anesthesia, and typically last about four hours. The scalp is shampooed and then treated with an antibacterial chemical prior to the donor scalp being harvested.
In the usual follicular unit procedure, the surgeon harvests a strip of skin from the posterior scalp, in an area of good hair growth. The excised strip is about 1-1.5 x 15-30 cm in size. While he is closing the resulting wound, assistants begin to dissect individual follicular unit grafts from the strip. Working with binocular microscopes, they take great care to remove excess fibrous and fatty tissue without damaging the vital follicular cells that will produce the patients' first crop of new hair.
The surgeon then uses a fine needle to puncture the sites for receiving the grafts, placing them in a predetermined density and pattern, and angling the wounds in a consistent fashion to promote a realistic hair pattern. The assistants generally do the final part of the procedure, inserting the individual grafts in place.
The finest surgeons can place more than 70 grafts per square centimeter in order to get a good density and appearance. In a "megasession", they may perform more prolonged surgeries, placing more than 2500-3000 grafts, reportedly even 6000 grafts, in one sitting. There is a recently reported case of 7761 follicular units transplanted in a patient, performed by Dr Victor Hasson in one 18 hour megasession.
New Technology
Newer procedures today allow for far less invasive surgery with optimal results. FUE (Follicular Unit Extraction), invented by Dr. Ray Woods and Dr. Angela Woods Campbell of Australia, allows the surgeon to select individual follicular units from a donor region and transplant them to the recipient region. This method uses a small needle to pluck out the follicular units, eliminating the need for the surgeon to excise skin from the back of the head. Benefits of FUE are quicker healing time, far less trauma, no strip scar, and the surgeon's ability to individually select follicular units. Drawbacks are that the procedure is far more time intensive than traditional STRIP methods and thus is much more costly. A top STRIP doctor can transplant more than 3000 grafts in a day, while a top FUE surgeon is limited to 1000-2000 in a day. Furthermore, if too many grafts are harvested, a patient may get a "moth eaten" appearance in the back of his head.
An extension of the FUE procedure is BHT, body hair transplantation. A select group of surgeons are now successfully transplanting body hair to the head. In some cases, the body hair can take on many characteristics of head hair. However, the procedure is still in its infancy, and while there have been successful cases, more completed results are needed to give a better assessment. At this stage the hair transplant community sees body hair as a good "filler" between scalp hairs, and as an additional donor source when patients have run out of scalp hair to transplant.
Post-operative care
Advances in wound care allow for semi-permeable dressings, which allow seepage of blood and tissue fluid, to be applied and changed at least daily. The vulnerable recipient area must be shielded from the sun, and is not shampooed for about a week.
During the first ten days, virtually all of the transplanted hairs, inevitably traumatized by their relocation, will fall out ("shock loss"). After two to three months new hair will begin to erupt from the moved follicles. The patient's hair will grow normally, and continue to thicken through the next six to nine months. Any subsequent hair loss is likely to be only from untreated areas. Some patients elect to use medications to retard such loss, while others plan a subsequent transplant procedure to deal with this eventuality.
Celebrities with Hair Transplants - Richard Simmons, Dennis Miller, Tom Arnold, Dwight Schultz, Christian Slater, Billy Crystal, Nicholas Cage, John Cleese, Robert Forster, Hugh Downs, Gene Simmons, Jamie Foxx, Barry Switzer, Wade Boggs, Barry Williams, David Cassidy
End of Wikipedia content, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hair_transplantation
List of Hairstyles Info from Wikipedia
A Afro, Asymmetric cut B - French braid, Backcombing, Baldness, Beehive (hairstyle), Big hair, Bob cut, Bouffant, Bowl cut, Braid, Bun (hairstyle), Buzz cut C - Caesar cut, Chelsea girl (culture), Chignon (hairstyle), Chonmage, Cockernonnie, Comb over, Conk, Cornrow, Crew cut, Crop (hairstyle), Croydon facelift, Curtained hair D Devilock, Dido flip, Dread perming, Dreadlocks, Duck's Ass E - Emo fringe F - Fake hair, Flattop, French twist, Fringe (hair) H - Hair crimping, Hair infusion, Hairstyle, Hi-top fade, High and tight, Hime cut, Hoxton fin I - Induction cut J - Jheri curl K - Khokhol L - Landing strip, Layered hair, Liberty spikes M - Micro braids, Mohawk hairstyle, Mullet (haircut) O - Odango P Pageboy, Payot, Pigtails, Pineapple (haircut), Polish plait, Pompadour, Ponytail Q - Queue (hairstyle), Quiff R - "Rachel" haircut, Rattail (haircut), Razor cut, Reverse mullet, Ringlet (haircut) S - S-curl, Safety haircut, Shimada (hairstyle), Shingle bob, Short back and sides, Sideburns, Sikha, Spiked (hairstyle) T Tellum, Tomahawk Buzzcut, Tonsure U Undercut, Unibeard, Upsherin W - Widow's peak, Wings (haircut)
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Hairstyles"
Hair & Hair Styling Glossary List 1
Color Safe, Color Protection, Damp Hair, Definition, Hair Density, Dry Hair, Elasticity, Fringe, Gray coverage, Gray blending, Growth Direction, Humidity Resistance, Layer, Length, Lift, One Length, Repair/Reconstruct, Smoothing, Straightening, Texture, Texturizing, Volume, Wet Hair
A - Abrasion scraping, wearing, Accelerated vellus syndrome - hairs gaining greater length, Accelerator, Accent color, Acetone, Acid, Acid mantle, Acid perm - an acid perm produces permanent hair waves with curls, Acne, Acne keloidalis nuchae, Actinic keratosis, Activator - hair bleach; booster, bleach boosters or bleach accelerators, Active ingredient, Acupressure, Acupuncture, Adrenal, Afro hairstyle - rounded, thick, tightly curled hair style, Aha - alpha-hydroxy acid, Albinism, Alcohol - ethyl grain isopropyl, lexandrite - laser at 755nm used for hair removal, A-line bob
Alkali - used in depilatory creams that dissolve hair, Alkaline, Alkaline perma chemically based permanent waving product that has a ph from 7.5 to 9.5. Stronger than acid perms, alkaline perms are designed to produce tight, firm, springy curls rather than the looser curls produced by acid perms, Allergen, Allergy, Aloe vera - soothe irritated skin, especially sunburned skin. Soothing anti-inflammatory, used in lotions, creams, cleansers, products, Alopecia, Alopecia adnata congenital baldness, Alopecia androgenetic - male or female pattern baldness, dht, Alopecia areata - medical term for hairloss, patches, Alopecia follicularis
Alopecia neurotica, Alopecia senilis - old age, Alopecia totalis - scalp hair, eyebrows, eyelashes, alopecia universalis, Alpha hydroxy acid - known as aha, these solutions are used as exfoliants, Alternating current, Amino acid, Aminophenols - phenol derivatives, chemicals, permanent (two step) hair dyes, Ammonia - permanent hair color, Decolorizes, Ammonium thioglycolate chemical depilatories
Amortization, Ampere, Amphoteric a mild nonirritating surfactant (an agent that allows oil to mix with water) often used in shampoos, Chemically treated hair, Anaesthetic, Anagen cyclethe active stage in a hair growth cycle, Anagen effluvium hairshafts, Analgesic, Anaphoresis, Androgen, Androgens, Anode, Antiandrogen, Anti-androgen, Antibiotic, Antiseptic, Apple cider vinegar, oils and creams, shampoos and rinses, Areola, Pigmented, Arnica, Arrector pili muscles, Goosebumps, Atopic dermatitis, also known as eczema, Autoclave, Hair removal, Axilla, Armpit, gonadal hair, axillary hair, Azelaic acid, azelaic acid, retin-a
Bleach, Disguise (not remove) hair, Lightening its colour, blemish, Blood or pigment, Visible mark (blimish, blemish), Blend, blister, blonde hair, Lasers, Boar bristle, bob, classic look of the 50s and 60s, Body, The volume or springiness of hair, Bonding, To attach wefted hair to the natural hair with a latex or surgical type adhesive, botanical, ingredients made from plants, Braid, Strands of hair, Braiding, Cornrow technique, Warlocks, brassy, refers to unflattering warm tones in hair colour created by chemicals or damage, Broken capillaries, blotches, Ageing, sun and trauma, bruise, discoloration, bulb, the root of a hair, base, Bulge, hair follicle, bulk hair, Loose commercial hair
White hairs, Dark pigmented hairs, Capillaries - hair-like blood vessels, nutrient to the hair growth matrix, carbomer polymer, acrylic acid, carbon dioxide laser also known as a co2 laser, skin resurfacing, Catagen - active growth period - hair growth cycle, between active (anagen) and inactive (telogen) stages
Cataphoresis, Cathodea, Cationic, Cationic polymer, charges the hair, Manageability, Reduces static, Catogen, Cellulitea, cellulite reduction, Clinic, Method, Appearance, Cellulite (celulite reduction, cellulight reduction, cellulite removal), cetyl alcohol (fatty alcohol), Humectant, Lather booster, Emulsifier, Smooth, Soften, Hair cuticle, chamomile, Blonde hair, Enhance color, chelating, cleansing process, Clarifying, chemical depilatories powder, cream preparations, dissolve hair, Chignon, chilltip - contact cooling device, laser hair removal, Chitosan - natural polymer, protects the hair, chromophore, Cicatricial alopecia - baldness due to scarring, Cilia eyelashes, ingrown eyelashes
Clarifiera - clarifying shampoo, higher ph, conditioner,
Clearing thinning, climbazole - anti-dandruff ingredient, bacteria, Clone,
Comedones - medical term, blackheads, conditioner - creamy hair product, moisturizes, detangles hair, Congenital hereditary, excess hair, Contact cooling - cooling the epidermis, laser irradiation, Continuous stimulation technique, Cornrow term, scalp braid, braids, cortex - main structure, hairshaft, texture, cortisone - anti-inflammatory, hair growth, Cosmetics - liquid foundations, powders, couture cut - high-fashion cut
Cream rinse mixture, wax, thickeners, chemicals, hair shaft, detangle, shampooing, Crop, Crown, Crusting - hair removal such as laser, electrolysis, and depilatories, current, curved follicles - ingrown hairs, Cushing syndrome tumour, cutaneous, Cuticle - healthy cuticles, sheen, cuticles, coloured, bleached, spread out, split or bloated, cutting-in - hair cut, hairpiece, styled, Cyproterone acetate - hirsuitism and androgenetic alopecia in women, Cyst a
D - Danazol a drug sometimes linked to excess hair growth, Dandruff flaking scalp due to excessive cell production, Deep penetrating treatmen, conditioner for hair, conditioners, Formulas, protein, vitamins, and moisture, dry, damaged hair, Depilate removal of hair on the surface of the skin. Examples include shaving or the use of depilatory creams, Depilation - temporary removal, Depilatories substances, dissolve hair, Depth - darkness, lightness, Dermabrasion - cosmetic procedure, Dermal papilla nerves, blood vessels Dermal sheath lining,
Dermatitis - atopic dermatitis, eczema, contact dermatitis, Dermatologist
specializing, doctor, Dermis, Developer oxidizes, artificial colour
pigment, Dexamethosone steroid, anti-inflammatory, Dht (dihydrotestosterone)
miniaturization, hormone testosterone, enzyme 5-alpha reductase, Diabetes,
Diameter measurement, width, Diathermy, Diazoxide, Diet, Diffuser
adapter, Dilantin, Dimethicone - detangling aid, conditions, protects,
humidity, adds shine, Diode, Direct current, discomfort electrolysis,
laser, plucking, waxing, pulse light sources, distorted hair follicles, E - ears - outer ear, inside the ear canal, eccrine gland, eczema, edema (oedema), efficacy, elasticity, electric tweezer, electrocoagulation, electrode, electrology, electrolysis epilation, emla, emollients, emulsifier - thickening agent and/or binding agent, endocrine system, energy density - lasers and pulsed light sources, epidermis, epilation, erythema, eschar, essential fatty acids (efa), essential oil, estrogen (oestrogen), exfoliating, exfoliation, extension, extract - herbal concentrate, eyelashes
P - p.v.p., p.v.p/va copolymer nonionic "film" forming agent, Paba esters, sunscreen and cosmetic products, palm rolling, palmitate - synthetic moisturizer, Panthenol detangling, papilla, parfum, patch test, perm, permanenta - american fda, permanent hair reduction ipl, Permanently, ph: (ph: percentage of hydrogen), pigment, pigmented lesion (benign), pore, porosity, propecia - brand name, finestaride, proprietary, proscar finestaride, bph, protein treatment strength, elasticity, cortex, psoriasis, Punch graft trephine
Q - q-switch
R - recipient site - thinning area, hair grafts, plugs, transplanted, relax, Chemically straighten the hair, gently smooth out curl, reduce frizz, create a straight style, Relaxera - chemical process, hair is permanently straightened, touch-ups, relaxer, natural state, remi/remy hair - soft and silky, higher quality wigs, extensions, and hair systems, resistant, Retin-a (tretinoin ) - retinoic acid, compound, improve, appearance and texture of the skin; tretinoin retin-a, topical gel, cream, Rogaine/regaine minoxidil, topical hair growth solution, hair loss, Rosacea, Rough blow dry - remove moisture from wet hair, Ruby - laser for hair, Tattoo removal
Skin rejuvenation ageing,
innovative, non invasive treatments that give you visibly younger, healthy,
slough, soap, Soluble, soothing irritation, blemishes, burning skin, Spf - an
acronym for sun protection factor, Sprionolactone antiandrogen, treatment,
disorders, female pattern baldness and hirsuitism, spritz - light mist or
spray, steaming - synthetic fiber, curl pattern, synthetic wig, hairpiece,
rollers, clips, subcutaneous tissue, Sunblock - zinc oxide, titanium dioxide,
tanning, sunscreen ingredients, uva, uvb rays, broad spectrum sunscreen,
maximum protection, surfactants - active agent, oil, water, skincare
products, cleansers, wetting agents, emulsifiers, solubizers, conditioning
agents and foam stabilizers. U Ulcer, Uv - ultraviolet radiation. Uv - a, uv - b, and uv c
V - Vellus - soft downy hair, Vellus hairs - non-pigmented, follicular, Vertex - spiral pattern, vesiculation blister, virgin hair - permed, colored, or chemically processed, cuticle, special quality, best quality hair used in making wigs today is of russian, ukrainian, belgian, and turkish origin, virgin european hair wigs, Vitiligo melanocytes, vpl, Variable pulsed light, trademark of energis technology, elite system
W - Water resistant, Weave, Weft strand, White hair - vitamin
Hair Loss Glossary List 2
General Reference
Web Portals
The following portals provide resources on research, directory, search engine / search engines, yellow pages, classifieds
AOL, Yahoo, Google, eBay, YouTube, Yahoo Groups, Wikipedia, CNN, Time, Forbes, Fortune, BBC
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